Like most I'm not a virology expert. However, I'm better than most at detecting BS. Whenever I read a book, watch TV or a movie I constantly notice incongruity. Little things that slip past others stand out to me and possibly limit my ability to simply be entertained.
From the beginning of the plandemic I noticed too many incongruous statements, claims, and recommendations. Masking was one of the first things that stood out. Having training and a Hx in EMS & Fire Service, including hazmat training the notion that wearing a cloth mask would offer protection was completely irrational. A cloth mask is insufficient for cleaning up asbestos which has particulates multiple times larger than any virus. If OSHA caught you sending human beings into an environment containing asbestos with a surgical mask you'd be subject to criminal & civil prosecution.
With a small amount of knowledge things just stand out.
So it made no sense that a vaccine that presented only "one" of many virus spike proteins would be ineffective if a virus mutation occurred that no longer presented that single spike protein. When the immune system reacts to a new virus multiple proteins, &c. are targeted so if one mutates away the immune system will still be able to identify the invader.
I could recommend a few books, Bruce Lipton is an interesting author and biologist that might challenge you (not in a scientific way). I was hesitant to recommend this in case you dismissed it as too woo-woo. But over the past two years I've decided I don't really much care whether other people think I'm mad or not. My initial reaction to all the news-feeds at the beginning of the pandemic was that there was a mass-hypnosis and psychological brain-washing event occurring. I'm not happy about being right about that but...
Like you, the then very weird production of a miracle vaccine made me feel like a pariah. It took me ages to find people who hadn't been sucked in as if we were living a 'stepford wives' chapter. Anyway, I digress. Have a read, the worst it will do is amuse you. I've found that with increasing experience and 'knowledge' of psychology, biology and the human capacity for anything, we simply do not 'know' a damn thing. This stupid pandemic nonsense has managed to highlight how easy it is to manipulate and trick ourselves and each other. Yes, we should question everything always. I think we also need to remember that , even if there is one 'right' answer to anything (which I doubt), we ought to question the solution too. Or is that just my scientific training rearing its ugly head? Wait...
I would love to hear your thoughts if you do read any of his work. 'The Biology of Belief' would be the best place to start.
I love your work. Unfortunately, mathematical models are almost useless for pharmacodynamics. They have a place for kinetics. Even our understanding of simple drugs
like codeine are evolving after 180 years of use. Similarly oxygen. Nicotine took 4 centuries of use/ abuse to be identified as "bad ". That's why controlled trials are the ONLY way to assess drugs. Then, we spin a web of theory and maths to feel good about ourselves. Until a new drug has been used on many people for a prolonged period,we don't even know which receptors it binds to, or where it acts. And that's for simple drugs that work on a single receptor ,or are themselves a single molecule. These mRNA , lipid nanoparticle drugs are far too complex to calculate.
I understand from a virologist friend that WHO "best practices" for naming variants are not new, and it was widely accepted pre-SARS-CoV 2 that one does not name a virus (or variants thereof) after their place of origin. Yet your Unjabbala/Jabbala story makes it clear why the policy can also muddy the waters (especially when it comes to the ability of laypeople to see what is happening) of viral origin and evolution. Not only this, but with the ever-increasing sub-variants, it has become confusing and difficult to determine the origin of each of these (as a layperson) and what exactly classifies them as "sub."
Why, when the variants were first identified in India or in South Africa or in Brazil, was that news-- but now we don't concentrate on where (and how quickly) they are arising? (Somehow, I don't think it's racism-- skin tone or ethnic background didn't really factor into what happened into Jabbala and Unjabbala.)
Mankind, particularly globalized mankind, needs a way to overcome inertia. We are quite good at reacting to new threats, and maybe universal "vaccination" with the new "vaccines" wasn't the worst option at the time. However, efforts at this scale burn all the "fuel" (needed for the logistics, to convince people, to instill fear, whatever) and when the tide turns and the decision turns out to have been wrong, there is not enough fuel left to turn around and speed into the opposite direction. No regime, autocratic or democratic, has been able to deal with this.
Donald Knuth has entertained the idea that future experts will have to be experts in *two* fields, so that effective networks of knowledge can be built. Future governments will have to operate, instead of meandering between the precautionary principle and all-in, with two-step policies (where the second step is not yet known but will need resources).
Another great piece Dr Rigger. I was watching tom cruise era mission impossible ii with the kids last night and it pretty much covered the years since it was produced I think. Pilots flying commercial aircraft full of passengers into mountain sides, and big pharma overlords re-engineering natural influenza to be much more lethal in order to sell high margin miracle goo cures. My points being that 1. who cudda seen that coming? and 2. who pays the piper calls the tune. Just cos the perps are credentialed lab coat habitues doesn’t make em any less weak or corrupt. But after lifetimes of unearned adulation and respect from the plebs, probably does make em a lot more prone to hubris at several orders of magnitude greater than average. In my humble opinion 🤪
Thanks for the post. I looked at a lot of videos on YouTube about the immune system. It's so complex! I found these two videos the most helpful to understand the broader outlines of the immune system:
I love the evolutionary and systems thinking here. Things don't happen that way because it's unlikely and maladaptive...so it doesn't happen. Amazing how much this is ignored.
Btw Dr Been recommends 'Cellular and Molecular Immunology' by Abbas, Lichtman and Pilai but it's deffo a post-grad immunology text book and not 'immunology for dummies'. Even a kindle version. Dr Been has a big catalogue of vids on his eutewb channel in his own right, does great graphics and may be at the right level. Evolutionary immunology...now that's more rarified if fascinating.
As for attenuated live vaccines, the virus you get has been altered in such a way to be "replication non-competent", which means that it may get into a cell, but it won't be reproduced by the replication machinery in the cell - usually. Some viruses from live attenuated vaccines revert to the original form, which is the "replication competent" form, and end up infecting the person with the real disease which can spread. One of Gates' polio vaccines did this in, I think, Pakistan, so they had a polio epidemic some years back, when the wild type had been wiped out before and they were polio-free. And they wound up with new, infectious polio bugs running around. Oooops. Gates has had this happen numerous times, a bad track record, vaccines reverting to wild type and causing deaths and sterility. So any vaccine that Gates pushes is one to avoid.
As for the unvaccinated pushing evolution of new variants, that's a lie, especially with coronaviruses, it's why coronavirus diseases like the common cold become endemic. What happens is that when the mRNA from the virus hits the replication machinery, what comes out aren't exact copies, there are mutations, some of which are replication non-competent and thus non-infectious, and some of which are replication competent and *are* infectious - and so you end up with a swarm of viruses, some of which are exact copies of the original, others which aren't and are replication-competent mutations. In coronaviruses, the most mutable parts are the spike proteins, so if you have a "vaccine" which produces spike proteins which look similar to the original wild type of virus using molecular replication machinery, the cell will present those spike proteins on its outside wall, the immune system will recognize them as foreign, cause the cell producing them to self-destruct ("undergo apoptosis"), and produce antibodies, and later T-cells specific to that spike protein and spike proteins of similar topography - close relatives with relatively few mutations. The T-cells have a "library" of epitopes which fit onto the spike protein in question like tumblers in a lock, if enough epitopes "fit", that spike is recognized as being bad, and the macrophages - the garbage collectors of the immune system - destroy it and anything closely related. With live attenuated real vaccines, that library of epitopes not only recognizes spike proteins but also nucleocapsid and membrane and other structural and non-structural proteins in the coronavirus - and those other proteins tend not to mutate very much if at all. OK, so with the fake "vaccines" you produce a library of epitopes which recognizes the wild type and its close relatives in the swarm (https://nextstrain.org/ncov/gisaid/global/6m) - and produces lots of antibodies which attach onto it and mark them out for garbage collection, and that's well and good... but there will be mutations which aren't close, the "tumblers" in the "lock" won't go all the way down and the "key" won't turn, antibodies won't be produced, and that virus won't be marked for garbage collection, so it can replicate at will. So what the fake "vaccines" do is act as a filter, they let through those viruses in the swarm which the T-cell libraries they produce don't recognize ("Delta", "Omicron") and mark out everything else for garbage collection. So this is a sort of "natural selection" at work - and it's why those treated with the fake "vaccine" aren't protected against the variants.
If you've had a natural infection response, or had a live attenuated real vaccine, some of the epitopes in your T-cell library would correspond to nucleocapsid, membrane, and non-structural proteins, inter alia, as well as the spike protein, and you'd be immune to any variant in the future. This was noted in a 2020 article, here: "Memory T cells induced by previous pathogens can shape susceptibility to, and the clinical severity of, subsequent infections1. Little is known about the presence in humans of pre-existing memory T cells that have the potential to recognize severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Here we studied T cell responses against the structural (nucleocapsid (N) protein) and non-structural (NSP7 and NSP13 of ORF1) regions of SARS-CoV-2 in individuals convalescing from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (n = 36). In all of these individuals, we found CD4 and CD8 T cells that recognized multiple regions of the N protein. Next, we showed that patients (n = 23) who recovered from SARS (the disease associated with SARS-CoV infection) possess long-lasting memory T cells that are reactive to the N protein of SARS-CoV 17 years after the outbreak of SARS in 2003; these T cells displayed robust cross-reactivity to the N protein of SARS-CoV-2. We also detected SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in individuals with no history of SARS, COVID-19 or contact with individuals who had SARS and/or COVID-19 (n = 37). SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in uninfected donors exhibited a different pattern of immunodominance, and frequently targeted NSP7 and NSP13 as well as the N protein." https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2550-z
Of course, if the T-cells recognize those parts of the virus, it gets wrapped up in the molecular equivalent of yellow and black police tape and is marked out for garbage collection - so any replication is halted and the infection is stopped as is quite obviously any sort of further transmission. There are in fact vaccines in development which use this kind of broad-based strategy - here: "T cell immunity is central for the control of viral infections. CoVac-1 is a peptide-based vaccine candidate, composed of SARS-CoV-2 T cell epitopes derived from various viral proteins1,2, combined with the Toll-like receptor 1/2 agonist XS15 emulsified in Montanide ISA51 VG, aiming to induce profound SARS-CoV-2 T cell immunity to combat COVID-19. Here we conducted a phase I open-label trial, recruiting 36 participants aged 18–80 years, who received a single subcutaneous CoVac-1 vaccination. The primary end point was safety analysed until day 56. Immunogenicity in terms of CoVac-1-induced T cell response was analysed as the main secondary end point until day 28 and in the follow-up until month 3. No serious adverse events and no grade 4 adverse events were observed. Expected local granuloma formation was observed in all study participants, whereas systemic reactogenicity was absent or mild. SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses targeting multiple vaccine peptides were induced in all study participants, mediated by multifunctional T helper 1 CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. CoVac-1-induced IFNγ T cell responses persisted in the follow-up analyses and surpassed those detected after SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as after vaccination with approved vaccines. Furthermore, vaccine-induced T cell responses were unaffected by current SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Together, CoVac-1 showed a favourable safety profile and induced broad, potent and variant of concern-independent T cell responses, supporting the presently ongoing evaluation in a phase II trial for patients with B cell or antibody deficiency." https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8791831/ November 2021 - and here: "To generate an inexpensive readily manufactured COVID-19 vaccine, we employed the LVS ΔcapB vector platform, previously used to generate potent candidate vaccines against Select Agent diseases tularemia, anthrax, plague, and melioidosis. Vaccines expressing SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins are constructed using the LVS ΔcapB vector, a highly attenuated replicating intracellular bacterium, and evaluated for efficacy in golden Syrian hamsters, which develop severe COVID-19-like disease. Hamsters immunized intradermally or intranasally with a vaccine co-expressing the Membrane and Nucleocapsid proteins and challenged 5 weeks later with a high dose of SARS-CoV-2 are protected against severe weight loss and lung pathology and show reduced viral loads in the oropharynx and lungs. Protection correlates with anti-Nucleocapsid antibody. This potent vaccine should be safe; inexpensive; easily manufactured, stored, and distributed; and given the high homology between Membrane and Nucleocapsid proteins of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, potentially serve as a universal vaccine against the SARS subset of pandemic causing β-coronaviruses." https://www.nature.com/articles/s41541-021-00321-8 March 2021 - and there's another article which I can't find at the moment. Note that neither of these are injected intramuscularly, hence no risk of intravenous injection.
Like most I'm not a virology expert. However, I'm better than most at detecting BS. Whenever I read a book, watch TV or a movie I constantly notice incongruity. Little things that slip past others stand out to me and possibly limit my ability to simply be entertained.
From the beginning of the plandemic I noticed too many incongruous statements, claims, and recommendations. Masking was one of the first things that stood out. Having training and a Hx in EMS & Fire Service, including hazmat training the notion that wearing a cloth mask would offer protection was completely irrational. A cloth mask is insufficient for cleaning up asbestos which has particulates multiple times larger than any virus. If OSHA caught you sending human beings into an environment containing asbestos with a surgical mask you'd be subject to criminal & civil prosecution.
With a small amount of knowledge things just stand out.
So it made no sense that a vaccine that presented only "one" of many virus spike proteins would be ineffective if a virus mutation occurred that no longer presented that single spike protein. When the immune system reacts to a new virus multiple proteins, &c. are targeted so if one mutates away the immune system will still be able to identify the invader.
I could recommend a few books, Bruce Lipton is an interesting author and biologist that might challenge you (not in a scientific way). I was hesitant to recommend this in case you dismissed it as too woo-woo. But over the past two years I've decided I don't really much care whether other people think I'm mad or not. My initial reaction to all the news-feeds at the beginning of the pandemic was that there was a mass-hypnosis and psychological brain-washing event occurring. I'm not happy about being right about that but...
Like you, the then very weird production of a miracle vaccine made me feel like a pariah. It took me ages to find people who hadn't been sucked in as if we were living a 'stepford wives' chapter. Anyway, I digress. Have a read, the worst it will do is amuse you. I've found that with increasing experience and 'knowledge' of psychology, biology and the human capacity for anything, we simply do not 'know' a damn thing. This stupid pandemic nonsense has managed to highlight how easy it is to manipulate and trick ourselves and each other. Yes, we should question everything always. I think we also need to remember that , even if there is one 'right' answer to anything (which I doubt), we ought to question the solution too. Or is that just my scientific training rearing its ugly head? Wait...
I would love to hear your thoughts if you do read any of his work. 'The Biology of Belief' would be the best place to start.
I love your work. Unfortunately, mathematical models are almost useless for pharmacodynamics. They have a place for kinetics. Even our understanding of simple drugs
like codeine are evolving after 180 years of use. Similarly oxygen. Nicotine took 4 centuries of use/ abuse to be identified as "bad ". That's why controlled trials are the ONLY way to assess drugs. Then, we spin a web of theory and maths to feel good about ourselves. Until a new drug has been used on many people for a prolonged period,we don't even know which receptors it binds to, or where it acts. And that's for simple drugs that work on a single receptor ,or are themselves a single molecule. These mRNA , lipid nanoparticle drugs are far too complex to calculate.
I understand from a virologist friend that WHO "best practices" for naming variants are not new, and it was widely accepted pre-SARS-CoV 2 that one does not name a virus (or variants thereof) after their place of origin. Yet your Unjabbala/Jabbala story makes it clear why the policy can also muddy the waters (especially when it comes to the ability of laypeople to see what is happening) of viral origin and evolution. Not only this, but with the ever-increasing sub-variants, it has become confusing and difficult to determine the origin of each of these (as a layperson) and what exactly classifies them as "sub."
Why, when the variants were first identified in India or in South Africa or in Brazil, was that news-- but now we don't concentrate on where (and how quickly) they are arising? (Somehow, I don't think it's racism-- skin tone or ethnic background didn't really factor into what happened into Jabbala and Unjabbala.)
Mankind, particularly globalized mankind, needs a way to overcome inertia. We are quite good at reacting to new threats, and maybe universal "vaccination" with the new "vaccines" wasn't the worst option at the time. However, efforts at this scale burn all the "fuel" (needed for the logistics, to convince people, to instill fear, whatever) and when the tide turns and the decision turns out to have been wrong, there is not enough fuel left to turn around and speed into the opposite direction. No regime, autocratic or democratic, has been able to deal with this.
Donald Knuth has entertained the idea that future experts will have to be experts in *two* fields, so that effective networks of knowledge can be built. Future governments will have to operate, instead of meandering between the precautionary principle and all-in, with two-step policies (where the second step is not yet known but will need resources).
Another great piece Dr Rigger. I was watching tom cruise era mission impossible ii with the kids last night and it pretty much covered the years since it was produced I think. Pilots flying commercial aircraft full of passengers into mountain sides, and big pharma overlords re-engineering natural influenza to be much more lethal in order to sell high margin miracle goo cures. My points being that 1. who cudda seen that coming? and 2. who pays the piper calls the tune. Just cos the perps are credentialed lab coat habitues doesn’t make em any less weak or corrupt. But after lifetimes of unearned adulation and respect from the plebs, probably does make em a lot more prone to hubris at several orders of magnitude greater than average. In my humble opinion 🤪
Thanks for the post. I looked at a lot of videos on YouTube about the immune system. It's so complex! I found these two videos the most helpful to understand the broader outlines of the immune system:
https://youtu.be/v8RlCAndGuw
https://youtu.be/tfx5kGxsA0E
I love the evolutionary and systems thinking here. Things don't happen that way because it's unlikely and maladaptive...so it doesn't happen. Amazing how much this is ignored.
Btw Dr Been recommends 'Cellular and Molecular Immunology' by Abbas, Lichtman and Pilai but it's deffo a post-grad immunology text book and not 'immunology for dummies'. Even a kindle version. Dr Been has a big catalogue of vids on his eutewb channel in his own right, does great graphics and may be at the right level. Evolutionary immunology...now that's more rarified if fascinating.
Here's a book - online: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK8174/
As for attenuated live vaccines, the virus you get has been altered in such a way to be "replication non-competent", which means that it may get into a cell, but it won't be reproduced by the replication machinery in the cell - usually. Some viruses from live attenuated vaccines revert to the original form, which is the "replication competent" form, and end up infecting the person with the real disease which can spread. One of Gates' polio vaccines did this in, I think, Pakistan, so they had a polio epidemic some years back, when the wild type had been wiped out before and they were polio-free. And they wound up with new, infectious polio bugs running around. Oooops. Gates has had this happen numerous times, a bad track record, vaccines reverting to wild type and causing deaths and sterility. So any vaccine that Gates pushes is one to avoid.
As for the unvaccinated pushing evolution of new variants, that's a lie, especially with coronaviruses, it's why coronavirus diseases like the common cold become endemic. What happens is that when the mRNA from the virus hits the replication machinery, what comes out aren't exact copies, there are mutations, some of which are replication non-competent and thus non-infectious, and some of which are replication competent and *are* infectious - and so you end up with a swarm of viruses, some of which are exact copies of the original, others which aren't and are replication-competent mutations. In coronaviruses, the most mutable parts are the spike proteins, so if you have a "vaccine" which produces spike proteins which look similar to the original wild type of virus using molecular replication machinery, the cell will present those spike proteins on its outside wall, the immune system will recognize them as foreign, cause the cell producing them to self-destruct ("undergo apoptosis"), and produce antibodies, and later T-cells specific to that spike protein and spike proteins of similar topography - close relatives with relatively few mutations. The T-cells have a "library" of epitopes which fit onto the spike protein in question like tumblers in a lock, if enough epitopes "fit", that spike is recognized as being bad, and the macrophages - the garbage collectors of the immune system - destroy it and anything closely related. With live attenuated real vaccines, that library of epitopes not only recognizes spike proteins but also nucleocapsid and membrane and other structural and non-structural proteins in the coronavirus - and those other proteins tend not to mutate very much if at all. OK, so with the fake "vaccines" you produce a library of epitopes which recognizes the wild type and its close relatives in the swarm (https://nextstrain.org/ncov/gisaid/global/6m) - and produces lots of antibodies which attach onto it and mark them out for garbage collection, and that's well and good... but there will be mutations which aren't close, the "tumblers" in the "lock" won't go all the way down and the "key" won't turn, antibodies won't be produced, and that virus won't be marked for garbage collection, so it can replicate at will. So what the fake "vaccines" do is act as a filter, they let through those viruses in the swarm which the T-cell libraries they produce don't recognize ("Delta", "Omicron") and mark out everything else for garbage collection. So this is a sort of "natural selection" at work - and it's why those treated with the fake "vaccine" aren't protected against the variants.
If you've had a natural infection response, or had a live attenuated real vaccine, some of the epitopes in your T-cell library would correspond to nucleocapsid, membrane, and non-structural proteins, inter alia, as well as the spike protein, and you'd be immune to any variant in the future. This was noted in a 2020 article, here: "Memory T cells induced by previous pathogens can shape susceptibility to, and the clinical severity of, subsequent infections1. Little is known about the presence in humans of pre-existing memory T cells that have the potential to recognize severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Here we studied T cell responses against the structural (nucleocapsid (N) protein) and non-structural (NSP7 and NSP13 of ORF1) regions of SARS-CoV-2 in individuals convalescing from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (n = 36). In all of these individuals, we found CD4 and CD8 T cells that recognized multiple regions of the N protein. Next, we showed that patients (n = 23) who recovered from SARS (the disease associated with SARS-CoV infection) possess long-lasting memory T cells that are reactive to the N protein of SARS-CoV 17 years after the outbreak of SARS in 2003; these T cells displayed robust cross-reactivity to the N protein of SARS-CoV-2. We also detected SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in individuals with no history of SARS, COVID-19 or contact with individuals who had SARS and/or COVID-19 (n = 37). SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in uninfected donors exhibited a different pattern of immunodominance, and frequently targeted NSP7 and NSP13 as well as the N protein." https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2550-z
Of course, if the T-cells recognize those parts of the virus, it gets wrapped up in the molecular equivalent of yellow and black police tape and is marked out for garbage collection - so any replication is halted and the infection is stopped as is quite obviously any sort of further transmission. There are in fact vaccines in development which use this kind of broad-based strategy - here: "T cell immunity is central for the control of viral infections. CoVac-1 is a peptide-based vaccine candidate, composed of SARS-CoV-2 T cell epitopes derived from various viral proteins1,2, combined with the Toll-like receptor 1/2 agonist XS15 emulsified in Montanide ISA51 VG, aiming to induce profound SARS-CoV-2 T cell immunity to combat COVID-19. Here we conducted a phase I open-label trial, recruiting 36 participants aged 18–80 years, who received a single subcutaneous CoVac-1 vaccination. The primary end point was safety analysed until day 56. Immunogenicity in terms of CoVac-1-induced T cell response was analysed as the main secondary end point until day 28 and in the follow-up until month 3. No serious adverse events and no grade 4 adverse events were observed. Expected local granuloma formation was observed in all study participants, whereas systemic reactogenicity was absent or mild. SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses targeting multiple vaccine peptides were induced in all study participants, mediated by multifunctional T helper 1 CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. CoVac-1-induced IFNγ T cell responses persisted in the follow-up analyses and surpassed those detected after SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as after vaccination with approved vaccines. Furthermore, vaccine-induced T cell responses were unaffected by current SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Together, CoVac-1 showed a favourable safety profile and induced broad, potent and variant of concern-independent T cell responses, supporting the presently ongoing evaluation in a phase II trial for patients with B cell or antibody deficiency." https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8791831/ November 2021 - and here: "To generate an inexpensive readily manufactured COVID-19 vaccine, we employed the LVS ΔcapB vector platform, previously used to generate potent candidate vaccines against Select Agent diseases tularemia, anthrax, plague, and melioidosis. Vaccines expressing SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins are constructed using the LVS ΔcapB vector, a highly attenuated replicating intracellular bacterium, and evaluated for efficacy in golden Syrian hamsters, which develop severe COVID-19-like disease. Hamsters immunized intradermally or intranasally with a vaccine co-expressing the Membrane and Nucleocapsid proteins and challenged 5 weeks later with a high dose of SARS-CoV-2 are protected against severe weight loss and lung pathology and show reduced viral loads in the oropharynx and lungs. Protection correlates with anti-Nucleocapsid antibody. This potent vaccine should be safe; inexpensive; easily manufactured, stored, and distributed; and given the high homology between Membrane and Nucleocapsid proteins of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, potentially serve as a universal vaccine against the SARS subset of pandemic causing β-coronaviruses." https://www.nature.com/articles/s41541-021-00321-8 March 2021 - and there's another article which I can't find at the moment. Note that neither of these are injected intramuscularly, hence no risk of intravenous injection.